THIRD BHMS
COMMUNITY MEDICINE QUESTION BANK
question bank according to CBDC syllabus
M - MCQ | S - SAQ | L - LAQ | V - VIVA/PRACTICAL | Ø - NON
Fundamental Concepts of Community Medicine, Public Health, and History of Community Medicine
Basic definitions
-Define the terms “Community Medicine”, “Preventive Medicine”, “Social Medicine”, “Preventive Medicine”, and “Public Health”(MØØV)
Public health
-Discuss the functions of public health(MØØV)
-Differentiate between preventive medicine and public health(MØØV)
History of public health
-Discuss the evolution of public health globally(MØØV)
-Discuss the evolution of public health in India(MØØV)
Importance of community medicine for Homoeopath
Discuss the need to study community medicine in BHMS(MØØV)
Role of homoeopaths in public health
-Recognize the role of homoeopathic practitioners in public health(MØØV)
Concepts of Health, Disease Causation & Prevention and Homoeopathy
Concept of health
-Discuss the history of health(MSØV)
-Discuss the biomedical, ecological, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of holistic health(MSØV)
Health
-Define the term “Health” as per WHO(MØØV)
Disease causation
-Describe theories of disease causation in the Primitive and Middle Ages(MSØV)
-Describe the Germ Theory of disease(MSØV)
Biomedical Model of Health
-Describe the characteristics of agent, host, and environmental factors in health and disease in the epidemiological triad(MSØV)
Web of causation
-Describe the multifactorial aetiology of disease. & “BEINGS” Model(MSØV)
-Discuss predisposing, enabling, precipitating reinforcing, and risk factors in disease causation(MSØV)
Natural history of the disease
-Discuss the natural history & Evolution of the disease(MSØV)
-Describe the incubation and latent period of disease(MSØV)
Levels of prevention
-Describe various levels of prevention(MSØV)
-Discuss the application of intervention at various levels of prevention(MSØV)
Determinants of health
-Describe the determinants of health(MSØV)
Iceberg phenomenon
-Explain the concept of the iceberg phenomenon in human diseases(MSØV)
Spectrum of health
-Discuss the spectrum of health and disease(MSØV)
Disease elimination and control
-Discuss the concept of disease control, elimination, and eradication(MSLV)
Concept of health disease from a Homoeopathic perspective
-Compare and contrast the concept of health and disease according to Hahnemann(MSØV)
-Discuss the concept of classification of disease(MSØV)
-Discuss the concept of the International Classification of Disease-11(MØØV)
Concept of wellbeing
-Discuss the components of the Standard of living as per the WHO(MØØV)
-Describe the various indices to measure quality of life(Physical quality of life, Human Development Index)(MØØV)
Indicators of health and disease
-Discuss the Rate, Ratio and Proportions(MØØV)
Mortality Rates
-Describe mortality rates and their types(Crude Rates, Specific Rates, Adjusted rates)(MØØV)
-Demonstrate the application of indicators of mortality : Crude Death Rate, Specific Mortality rates, Case Fatality Rate, Proportional Mortality Ratio(MØØV)
Morbidity Rates
-Describe the application of Iincidence and prevalence(MØØV)
Disability rates
-Describe the application of indicators of disability(DALYs)(MØØV)
Summary measures
-Describe the application of indicators of summary measures of population health: YPLL, PQLI, HDI, Sullivan’s indicator(MØØV)
Health status of India
-Describe the current Health status of India as per various indicators(MØØV)
Community Health, Healthcare of the Community, and Healthcare Delivery Systems in India
Health System
-Define the term “Health system”(MØØV)
Types of health systems
-Describe the types of healthcare systems(MSØV)
Health systems framework
-Describe the structure & function of the health systems framework as per the WHO(MSØV)
Healthcare of community
-Describe the concept of healthcare in the community(MSØV)
-Explain health as a fundamental right under the constitution of India(MSØV)
Healthcare Levels in India
-Describe the Levels of Healthcare in India(MSØV)
-List the components of primary healthcare(MSØV)
-Describe the principles of primary healthcare(MSØV)
Healthcare Delivery Systems in India
-Outline the organization, and functions of health administration at the national level, State, District level(MSØV)
-Discuss the functions of the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. and responsibilities & Functions of the Director General of Health services, Central Bureau of Health Intelligence(MSØV)
-Describe the organization, functions, services, and staffing at the center level & PHC, Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centers, Community Health Center(CHC)(male and female)(MSØV)
-Describe the concept of the First Referral Unit(FRU)(MSØV)
-Describe the Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmOC) and Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care(CEmOC)(MSØV)
-Describe the Concept, Structure, functions, activities, and staffing pattern of Taluk and District Hospitals(MSLV)
Social and Behavioural Health and its Relevance in Homoeopathy
Social and Behavioural Health
-Recognize the need for social and behavioural health for homoeopathic practice(MSØV)
-Define the terms “Sociology”, and “Community”. “Culture”. “Customs”, “Acculturation”(MØØV)
Health Behaviour
-Define the terms “health behaviour”, “Illness behaviour”, “Sick role behaviour”, and “Health risk behaviour”(MSØV)
-Discuss the principles of behaviour change(MSØV)
-Define the terms “health-seeking behaviour”(MSØV)
-Discuss factors influencing health-seeking behaviour(MSØV)
-Discuss barriers to good health-seeking behaviour(MSØV)
-Identify methods to overcome the barriers to good health-seeking behaviour(MSØV)
Medical Sociology
-Define the term “medical sociology”(MØØV)
-Recognize the importance of medical sociology in Homoeopathic Practice(MSØV)
-Define the term “social psychology”(MSØV)
-Discuss the role of social psychology in community medicine and homoeopathic medical practice at the community level(MSØV)
Social Determinants of Health
-Discuss social determinants of health and disease(MSØV)
-Describe the role of social-cultural factors in health and disease(MSØV)
Community
-Define the term “community”(MSØV)
-Classify community as per Brint(MSØV)
-Discuss the types of community(MSØV)
-Define the term “community behaviour”(MØØV)
-Discuss the importance of community behaviour discipline for community medicine/public health/ homoeopathic practice at the community level(MSØV)
-Define the term “community relationship/Community engagement”(MØØV)
-Justify the need and importance of community relationships for health interventions in the community(MSØV)
-Explain community participation in health management and development(MSØV)
-Discuss the types of community participation in managing the healthcare of the community(MSØV)
-Demonstrate how Rogi Kalyan Samiti enhances community participation(MSØV)
Family in Health and Disease
-Define the term “family”(MSØV)
-Discuss the types of family(MSØV)
-Classify families based on–(MSØV)
(a) Authority or nature of residence
(b) Marriage pattern
(c) Sanctions of marriage or nature of relation
(d) size and structure
(e) ancestry
-Discuss broken family, problem family, symmetrical family, reconstituted family(MSØV)
-Discuss the functions of the family(MSØV)
-Outline the role of family in health and illness(MSØV)
Social Stratification
-Discuss social stratification(MSØV)
-Recognize how social stratification influences health and disease(MSØV)
-Enumerate the application of social stratification in public health/community medicine(MSØV)
-Analyse socioeconomic status as a determinant of health and illness(MSØV)
-Demonstrate the assessment of socioeconomic status according to the Kuppuswamy scale and Prasad’s scale(MØØV)
-Demonstrate calculation of wealth index(MØØV)
-Define the term “poverty”, “Below Poverty Line”(BPL)(MØØV)
-Compare the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) with the Kuppuswamy scale and Prasad scale(MØØV)
-Define the term “Social security”(MØØV)
-Describe the relationship of social security to health and disease(MSØV)
-Outline the social security scheme of the Government of India(MSØV)
Health promotion, Behavioural health theories, and Behaviour Change Communication(BCC)
-Define the term “health promotion”(MSØV)
-Discuss the application of behaviour health theories in community medicine and homoeopathic practice at individual and community levels(MSØV)
-Describe the Behavioural Model of Health Services and its application in Homoeopathic practice(MSØV)
-Discuss the constructs and application of The Health Belief Model to predict health promotion behaviour(MSØV)
-Describe individual motivation and readiness to change behaviour using the Transtheoretical Model/ Stages of Change(MSØV)
-Examine the relations between an individual belief, attitude, intentions, behaviour, and perceived control over that behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour(MSØV)
-Explain the stages in an individual’s journey from lack of awareness to change of behaviour using the Precaution Adoption Process model(MSØV)
-Explain how the Diffusion of Innovation theory addresses the new ideas or social practices in a community/society(MSØV)
-Explain the application of the socioecological model in managing/controlling diseases(MSØV)
-Outline behaviour change technique(MSØV)
Clinical, socialcultural, and demographic assessment of individual, family, and community (Medico social case workup)
-Illustrate the steps in the clinical, social-cultural, and demographic assessment of individuals, families, and communities(ØØØØ)
-Perform the medicosocial case workup and plan appropriate intervention(ØØØØ)
Family Health Record
-Create a family health record(ØØØØ)
Nutrition for Community
Nutrition: General concepts
-Define the terms “nutrition”, “food”, “diet”, and “nutrients”(MØØV)
-Classify nutrients(MSLV)
-Enumerate functions of food(MSØV)
-Discuss the significance of nutrition for individuals and community(MSØV)
-Classify food based on origin, chemical composition, major function, and nutritive value(MSLV)
-Describe common sources of nutrients(MSLV)
-Identify nutritional requirements by age and sex(MSØV)
-Define references for Indian men and women(MSØV)
Dietary standards: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
-Describe Recommended Dietary Allowance(MSØV)
-Calculate RDA for children and adults(MSØV)
-Discuss the reference man and woman(MSØV)
-Describe the estimated average requirement(MSØV)
Energy
-Recall the energy requirement for adults(MSØV)
Proximate Principles of food : Protein, Fats and Carbohydrate
-Describe the sources and functions of protein, Fat & Carbohydrates(MSLV)
-Identify the RDA and EAR of protein, Fat & Carbohydrate age wise and sex-wise(MSØV)
-Discuss the deficiency of protein, Fats and carbohydrates and its control(MSØV)
Dietary fibre
-Classify dietary fibers(MSLV)
-Discuss the functions of dietary fiber and its advantages(MSLV)
-Identify the dietary fiber in common foods(MSLV)
Vitamins
-Describe the sources, functions, dietary requirements, features /signs, and symptoms of deficiency and prevention of –(MSLV)
(a) Vitamin A – Retinol, Beta-Carotene
(b) Vitamin B1 – Thiamin
(c) Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin
(d) Vitamin B3 – Niacin (Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide)
(e) Vitamin B6 – Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
(f) Vitamin B7 – Biotin
(g) Vitamin B9 – Folic Acid (Folate, Pteroyl Glutamic Acid)
(h) Vitamin B12 – Cyanocobalamin
(i) Vitamin C – Ascorbic Acid
(j) Vitamin D – Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2)
(k) Vitamin E – Tocopherol, Tocotrienol
(l) Vitamin K – Phylloquinone (K1), Menaquinone (K2)
Minerals
-Describe macronutrients and micronutrients(MSØV)
-Describe the sources, functions, dietary requirements, features /signs, and symptoms of deficiency & toxicity of calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, iron toxicity, iodine, iodine toxicity, fluoride, Zinc(MSLV)
-Classify major foodstuffs into various food groups(MSØV)
-Identify and describe the nutritive relevanceof common food items used in the Indian diet with examples such as rice, wheat, maize, millets, ragi, bajra, pulses, animal foods, milk and milk products, eggs, common vegetables, roots and tubers, fruits and nuts, oils, sugar, jaggery(MSØV)
-Define the term balanced diet. Suggest a balanced diet for age-wise and sex-wise(MSØV)
Nutritional requirements of special groups
-Discuss dietary requirements for women during pregnancy and lactation. Plan a suitable nutritious diet for women during pregnancy and lactation(MSLV)
-Discuss the age related nutritional needs of infants, children, and adolescents(MSLV)
-Discuss the composition and advantages of breast feeding(MSLV)
-Discuss complementary feeding(MSØV)
-Discuss the importance of colostrum milk & Identify the myths related to colostrum milk(MSØV)
-Counsel and educate the mother and community on best practices of colostrum and complementary feed(MSØV)
-Discuss dietary and nutritional requirements for geriatric groups(MSØV)
-Plan and appropriate diet advice for respective age groups based on local availability of food and, the economic status of the population(MSLV)
Nutritional problems of public health importance
-Describe the epidemiology of malnutrition (both undernutrition and over nutrition), Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), nutritional anaemia, iodine deficiency disorder, Vitamin A, fluorine worldwide and in India(MSLV)
-Discuss the types of malnutrition(MSLV)
-Discuss the methods to measure malnutrition(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention and control measures for malnutrition(MSLV)
Milk and Meat
-Discuss milk and meat hygiene(MSØV)
-Describe the process of pasteurization & Explain various methods(MSØV)
-Discuss the various laboratory tests to ensure the safety of milk(MSØV)
Nutritional assessment, surveillance, education and rehabilitation
-Enumerate objectives and methods of nutritional assessment(MSØV)
-Discuss various anthropometric measurements for nutritional assessment(MSØV)
-Classify and interpret the nutritional status of infants, children, and adolescents based on anthropometric parameters(MSØV)
-Describe the terms stunting, wasting, and underweight(MSØV)
-Discuss the assessment of nutritional status using clinical signs(MSØV)
-Discuss the dietary assessment methods for nutritional status(MSØV)
-Describe 24-hour recall and food frequency methods in nutritional assessment(MSØV)
-Discuss nutritional surveillance and steps in nutritional surveillance(MSØV)
-Discuss assessment of the nutritional status using biochemical and laboratory methods(MSØV)
-Describe nutritional rehabilitation(MØØV)
Food Safety, Food Hygiene, Food Processing, Food Additives, Food preservatives, Food Fortification, Food adulteration and food toxicants
-Define the terms “food safety”, and “food hygiene”(MSØV)
-Describe food safety, food hygiene, and the five keys of WHO for safe food(MSØV)
-Describe food processing and methods of food processing(MSØV)
-Discuss the objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of food processing(MSØV)
-Enumerate a few common food processing techniques(MSØV)
-Describe food fortification(MSØV)
-Identify the need and benefits of food fortification(MSØV)
-Debate the Government Program on food fortification (Food fortification initiative)(MSØV)
-Describe food additives(MSØV)
-Classify food additives(MSØV)
-Interpret the law related to food additives(MSØV)
-Describe the principles and methods of food preservation(MSØV)
-Discuss the health effects of food preservatives(MSØV)
-Outline the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)(MØØV)
-Describe Food toxicants(MØØV)
National Nutritional Programs
-Enumerate the salient features of the National Nutrition Policy of India(MØØV)
-Discuss the nutritional programmes of the Government of India such as Poshan Abhiyan, ICDS. Mid-day Meal Program(MSØV)
Environment and Health including Medical Entomology
Basic introduction to environmental health
-Define the term “environment”(MØØV)
-Discuss the environment as a determinant of health(MSØV)
-Define the term “environmental health”(MØØV)
-Enumerate the components of environmental health(MØØV)
Water and Health
-Define the terms “Safe and wholesome water”, “improved drinking water”, “water-borne diseases”, “water-washed diseases”, “water-based diseases”, “water-related diseases”(MØØV)
-Describe the sources of water, their characteristics/qualities, advantages and disadvantages(MSØV)
-Describe the concept of safe and wholesome water(MSØV)
-Indicate the uses and daily requirements of water for various purposes for an individual and family(MSØV)
-Discuss the natural methods of water purification(MSØV)
-Discuss the methods of water purification on a small-scale level (household water treatment) and safe storage and large-scale level (Community-based water supply and treatment)(MSLV)
-Describe the water quality criteria and standards(MSLV)
-Enumerate the guidelines of drinking water quality recommended by WHO(MSLV)
-Describe the components and steps of surveillance of drinking water quality(MSLV)
-Recognize fluoridation of water(MSØV)
-Describe the process of sanitation of the swimming pool(MSØV)
-Discuss the concept of water conservation(MSØV)
-Recognize the sources of water pollution(MSLV)
-Identify the salient features of the National Program for supplying drinking water and sanitation.: national rural drinking water program, Jal Jeevan Mission(MSØV)
-Enumerate waterborne diseases and their prevention(MSLV)
Sanitation, Solid Waste, Human Excreta and Sewage disposalmiddle
-Define the term “Sanitation”(MØØV)
-Relate the importance of sanitation to health(MØØV)
-Enumerate the steps of handwashing(MSØV)
Disposal of Solid waste and waste water
-Define the terms “Solid Waste”, “biodegradable waste”, “non-biodegradable waste”, “e-waste”(MSØV)
-Classify solid waste(MSØV)
-Discuss the environmental impact of solid waste disposal(MØØV)
-Differentiate biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste(MSØV)
-Discuss the solid waste management in urban & rural areas from collection, sorting, storage, transportation, and disposal(MSLV)
-Discuss the types of disposals of solid waste with their advantages and disadvantages(MSLV)
-Enumerate various methods of composting(MSLV)
-Recognize the laws related to solid waste management(MØØV)
-Describe the disposal methods of wastewater at the household level(MSLV)
-Describe solid waste management during disasters and special events(MSLV)
-Discuss the sanitary waste disposal(MSLV)
-Discuss the salient features of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan/ Mission(MSLV)
Excreta Disposal
-Enumerate the methods of disposal of human excreta(MSLV)
-Describe the sanitary barrier and hygiene barrier(MSØV)
-Differentiate between unsanitary and sanitary methods of excreta disposal(MSØV)
-Discuss the sanitary methods of excreta disposal in unsewered & sewered areas through the waste carriage (sewerage) system(MSLV)
-Discuss the principles behind functioning of sanitary latrines and other methods(MSØV)
-Classify the sewerage system(MSØV)
-Enumerate the components & composition of the sewerage system(MSLV)
-Describe Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand(MSØV)
-Describe the process involved in the sewerage treatment plant(MSLV)
-Enumerate the effects/hazards of open defecation on health(MSLV)
-Recognize disposal of animal excreta(MØØV)
Biomedical waste and its management
-Define the terms “biomedical waste”, “hospital waste”(MSØV)
-Discuss the components of biomedical waste(MSØV)
-Classify the types of hospital waste / hazardous waste as per WHO(MSLV)
-Discuss the consequences/types of hazards while handling bio-medical waste/hazardous waste(MSLV)
-Enumerate the steps in the management of biomedical waste(MSLV)
-Describe the various technologies and standards for the treatment of hospital waste/biomedical waste(MSLV)
-Outline the bio-medical waste management rules as per the Government of India(ØØØØ)
Temperature and health
-Define the term “thermal stress”(MØØV)
-Describe the adverse effects of a hot environment on health including heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and others(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention of health illness(MSLV)
-Enumerate the immediate first aid management of heat stroke & Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
-Describe the adverse effects of a cold environment on health including hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold injuries(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention of cold illness(MSØV)
-Enumerate the immediate first aid management of cold illness & Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse effects of a high-altitude environment(MSLV)
-Enumerate prevention of adverse effects of high altitude(MSLV)
-Enumerate the immediate first aid measures for managing the adverse effects of high altitude & Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Noise and health
-Discuss the health effects of noise(MSLV)
Environmental Pollution
-Define environmental pollution(MSLV)
-Enumerate various types of environmental pollution(MSLV)
Air and health
-Discuss the acute and chronic ill effects of health due to air pollution(MSLV)
-Describe the major causes of air pollution(MSLV)
-Describe the various components of air pollution(MSLV)
-Describe monitoring of air pollution and AQI(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention and control of air pollution(MSLV)
Ventilation and health
-Describe the effects of inadequate ventilation on the health of the community(MSLV)
-Discuss the types of ventilation(MSLV)
-Enumerate the norms and standards of adequate ventilation(MSLV)
Radiation and health
-Enumerate the sources of radiation exposure(MSLV)
-Discuss the types of radiation(MSLV)
-Describe the effects of radiation on health(MSLV)
-Describe the measure for prevention and protection against radiation exposure(MSLV)
Light and Health
-Classify types of light(MØØV)
-Discuss the biological effects of light(MSØV)
-Discuss the types of light pollution(MSØV)
Housing and Health
-Describe healthful housing(MSØV)
-Recognize the housing standards(MSØV)
-Enumerate the factors affecting healthful housing(MSØV)
-Enumerate the problems experienced in poor housing(MSLV)
-Describe the hazards of overcrowding(MSØV)
-Describe the impact of climate change and the global greenhouse effect on health(MSØV)
Laws of environmental pollution
-List the laws in dealing with environmental pollution in India(MØØV)
Medical Entomology
-Define the terms “medical entomology”, “arthropod”(MØØV)
-Enumerate the arthropods of medical importance and the diseases transmitted by them(MSØV)
-Describe the principles of vector control(MSØV)
-Enumerate the personal protective measures from vectors(MSØV)
-Describe integrated vector control(MSØV)
-Describe the life cycle of vectors of public health importance (mosquitoes, house fly, sandflies, fleas, human lice, ticks, mites, scabies)(MSØV)
-Describe the various vector control measures(MSØV)
-Enumerate the diseases transmitted by rodents and, the mode of spread(MSØV)
-Discuss the prevention and control measures of rodents(MSØV)
-Enumerate the hazards of injudicious use of insecticides(MSØV)
-Describe the salient features of the National Vector Borne Diseases Control Program(MSØV)
Mental Health
Mental Health
-Define the term “mental health” as per WHO(MØØV)
-Describe the concept of mental health(MSØV)
-Discuss the epidemiology of mental health disorders(MSØV)
-Compare the disease burden of mental health globally and in India(MSØV)
-Enumerate the early warning signs of mental health disorders(MSØV)
-Enumerate the types of mental disorders according to ICD 10/11(MSØV)
-Discuss the risk factors of mental health disorders(MSØV)
-Describe prevention and control of mental health problems(MSØV)
-Interpret mental illness and stigma(MSØV)
-Discuss the objectives, strategy, and components of the National Mental Health Programme(MSØV)
-Recognize the Mental Health Care Act 2017(MØØV)
-Recognize the National Mental Health Policy of India(MØØV)
Health problems due to tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse
-Describe the disease burden due to tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse in India and worldwide(MSØV)
-Enumerate tobacco, alcohol, related diseases(MSØV)
-Discuss prevention and control of tobacco and alcohol abuse in the community(MSØV)
-Define the term “drug abuse” or “substance use(MØØV)
-Enumerate the risk factors of drug abuse(MSØV)
-Enumerate the common classes of abused drugs in India(MSØV)
-Enumerate the adverse outcomes of drug abuse(MSØV)
-Discuss the strategies for prevention and control of drug abuse(MSØV)
-Recognise the Tobacco control legislation in India(MØØV)
-Discuss the objectives, and components of the National Tobacco Control Programme(MSØV)
-Prepare health education materials for prevention and control of tobacco and alcohol abuse in the community & Create awareness(ØØØØ)
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and related National Health Programmes
RMNCHA: Introduction
-Describe the components of RMNCHA(MSØV)
-Describe the current status of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent health in India(MØØV)
Maternal Health
-Enumerate the major health problems of women(MSØV)
-Discuss the objectives, frequency, and components of antenatal care(MSLV)
-Describe history taking, and laboratory tests required to be conducted during antenatal checkup(MSLV)
-Describe the services provided in Antenatal Care(MSLV)
-Describe the intra-natal care(MSLV)
-Discuss domiciliary intranatal care(MSLV)
-Describe the role of the birth attendant/midwife(MSLV)
-Enumerate the prerequisites for safe home delivery(MSLV)
-Describe the Dos and Don’ts of home delivery(MSLV)
-Identify the danger signs in the mother and child to be referred to FRU(MSLV)
-Enumerate the objectives of post-natal care(MSLV)
-Describe postnatal care & Discuss Homoeopathic approach(MSLV)
-Identify the complications of the postnatal period /puerperium(MSLV)
-Discuss high-risk pregnancies and their interventions & Discuss homoeopathic approach(MSLV)
-Describe Essential Obstetric Care(MSLV)
-Describe Emergency Obstetric Care(MSLV)
-Enumerate the indicators of maternal health(MSLV)
-Define the term “maternal mortality rate”(MMR)(MSLV)
-Enumerate the maternal mortality indices(MSLV)
-Compare the magnitude of MMR in different states of India(MSLV)
-Enumerate the risk factors/causes of MMR in India(MSLV)
-Enumerate the prevention of MMR(MSLV)
-Discuss the Maternal Death Review(MSLV)
-Discuss verbal autopsy as a tool for the review of maternal and child deaths(MSLV)
Gender issues and women’s empowerment
-Discuss gender inequality in India(MSØV)
-Enumerate the government policies and schemes for women’s empowerment(MSØV)
-Enumerate the Maternal Health programs in India(MSØV)
-Discuss the salient features of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram(JSSK)(MSØV)
-Discuss the salient features of the Janani Suraksha Yojana(JSY)(MSØV)
-Discuss the salient features of Pradhan Mantri SurakshitMatritva Abhiyan(PMSMA)(MSØV)
-Discuss the salient features of SurakshitMatritvaAash wasan(SUMAN)(MSØV)
Care of Newborn
-Enumerate the essential newborn care(MSLV)
-Examine newborns for malformation, injuries, and other risk factors(MSØV)
-Describe routine care at birth, early neonatal care, immediate neonatal care(MSØV)
-Describe risk identification in the newborn(MSØV)
-Discuss Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC)(MSØV)
-Describe the procedure of breastfeeding. Enumerate the advantages of breastfeeding(MSØV)
-Discuss the principles of artificial feeding(MSØV)
-Define the term “neonatal mortality rate”(MSØV)
-Discuss the prevention of neonatal mortality(MSLV)
-Define the term “Perinatal mortality”(MØØV)
-Discuss the prevention of perinatal mortality(MSØV)
-Discuss the concept of home-based newborn care(MSØV)
-Enumerate the components and advantages of homebased newborn care(MSØV)
-Discuss Mother and Child Tracking System(MCTS)(MSØV)
Infant and Child Healthcare
-Define the term “Infant Mortality Rate” (IMR), Under-Five Children mortality, and “Low Birth Weight Babies”(MSØV)
-Discuss the burden of infant mortality in India and globally(MSØV)
-Discuss the determinants of Infant mortality(MSLV)
-Describe the preventive measures of infant mortality(MSLV)
-Discuss the burden of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies in India and globally(MSØV)
-Classify low birth weight babies(MSØV)
-Discuss the causes of preterm births(MSØV)
-Discuss the management and preventive measures for LBW babies(MSLV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic approach in managing LBW(MSLV)
-Discuss government initiatives to reduce low birth weight babies(MSØV)
Under-Five Children
-Describe the objectives and functions of UnderFive Clinics (Well Baby Clinic)(MSØV)
-Discuss the magnitude, causes, prevention, and control of childhood infections(MSØV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic approach to managing childhood infections(MSØV)
-Discuss the risk factors of congenital birth defects(MSØV)
-Discuss the prevention of birth defects(MSØV)
-Identify the common childhood disabilities(MSØV)
-Describe the prevention of childhood disabilities(MSØV)
-Discuss the cause of mortality among children and associated factors(MSØV)
-Enumerate the factors associated with child mortality(MSØV)
-Discuss the national strategies and interventions to reduce IMR and U5MR(MSØV)
Growth and Development of Child
-Enumerate the various growth indicators and monitor the development of the child(MSØV)
-Discuss the features of the growth chart(MSØV)
-Discuss the importance of the growth chart(MSØV)
Adolescents Health
-Describe the health issues of adolescents(MSØV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic approach in managing the health issues of adolescents(MSØV)
-Discuss adolescent reproductive and sexual health problems(MSLV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic approach to managing reproductive and sexual health problems(MSLV)
-Enumerate adolescentfriendly health services(MSØV)
Reproductive health
-Discuss the concept of reproductive health(MSØV)
-Enumerate the 12 pillars of reproductive health(MSLV)
-Discuss the burden of infertility in India(MSØV)
-Describe the methods of Assisted Reproductive Technology(MSØV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic approach to managing infertility(MSØV)
-Trace the Reproductive and Child health phases 1 and 2 in India(MSØV)
-Discuss the essential features of the RMNCHA+ Approach(MSØV)
Immunisation
-Discuss the child immunisation program and immunisation schedule(MSØV
Geriatric Health and Health of Specially Abled Population
Definitions
-Define the terms “Aging Population”, “Geriatrics”, “Old Age”, “Elderly”, and “Gerontology”(MØØV)
Concept of Geriatric Services
-Describe the concept of geriatric services(MSØV)
-Discuss the demography and importance of the aging/elderly population in public health(MSØV)
-Discuss the indicators or signs of aging(MSØV)
-Discuss the physiological and structural changes of aging(MSØV)
-Relate the theories of aging(MØØV)
-Describe the health problems of the elderly population, elderly females, and elderly males(MSØV)
-Discuss early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the problems of the elderly(MSØV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic approach in managing problems of elderly(MSØV)
Prevention and Control of Health Problems of the Elderly
-Describe the guiding principles or approaches of elderly care(MSØV)
-Discuss the medical measures for prevention and control of health problems of the elderly(MSØV)
-Enumerate the social security measures for the elderly population(MØØV)
-Discuss the legal measures for the prevention and control of health problems of the elderly population(MØØV)
-Discuss the engineering measures prevention and control of health problems of the elderly population(MSØV)
-Discuss the role of the community, government, and NGOs in managing the health of the elderly(MSØV)
National Health Programsmiddle
-Describe the salient features of the National Program for the Healthcare of Elderly(NPHCE)(MSØV)
-Trace the salient features of National Policy on older persons(MØØV)
End-of-Life Care and Palliative Care of the Elderly
-Discuss the end-of-life care and Palliative care in the Elderly(MSØV)
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
-Discuss various geriatric assessment tools and Instruments(MSØV)
Disability/Healthcare of Specially abled population
-Discuss disability as a public health problem(MSØV)
-Discuss the determinants of disabilities in India(MSØV)
-Discuss the epidemiology of disability(MSØV)
-Classify disability according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health(MSØV)
-Discuss the salient features of “The Right to Health of Persons with Disabilities in India”(MØØV)
-Outline the communitybased rehabilitation(MSØV)
-Analyse access to healthcare for the disabled population(MSØV)
-Discuss the role of Homoeopathy in Physical disability and Mental disability disorders(MSØV)
Demography, Vital Statistics, Family Welfare Planning and Contraception
Definition
-Define the term “Demography”(MSØV)
Demographic Cycle/Transition
-Describe demographic cycle(MSLV)
-Discuss the demographic cycle and population dynamics in the Indian context(MSLV)
-Discuss the importance of demography in public health or community medicine(MSLV)
-Recognize demographic transition(MSLV)
-Examine the population trend of the world and india(MSØV)
-Recognise the population trend state-wise in India(MØØV)
-Discuss the causes and consequences of the population explosion in India(MØØV)
-Discuss demographic dividend in the Indian context(MSØV)
-Discuss population stabilization and population momentum(MSØV)
Population statistics
-Discuss Age and Sex composition(MSØV)
-Define the terms “Sex ratio”, “Child Sex Ratio”, “Sex Ratio at Birth”(MSØV)
-Compare the trends in the Sex ratio(MSØV)
-Enumerate the causes, implications, and preventive measures for low sex ratio(MSØV)
-Compare various types of population pyramids(MSØV)
Demographic Profile
-Discuss the demographic profile of India(MSØV)
-Explain the impact of population growth on the health of the population(MSLV)
-Define the term “Density of Population”(MSØV)
-Discuss India’s demographic achievement(MSLV)
Vital Statistics
-Discuss the term “Dependency Ratio” and its importance(MSLV)
-Identify the current literacy rate in India and its importance in healthcare(MSØV)
-Define the terms “Birth Rate”, “Death Rate”(MSØV)
-Discuss the interstate birth rate differentials in India and its determinants(MSØV)
-Discuss the growth rate of the population in India(MSØV)
-Calculate crude and specific mortality rates(MSLV)
Measures of Fertility
-Define the terms “General Fertility Rate”, and “Age Specific Fertility Rate”(MSLV)
-Calculate the General Fertility Rate. Discuss its significance(MSØV)
-Discuss the implications of the fertility rate(MSØV)
-Define the term “General Marital Fertility Rate”(MSLV)
-Discuss the implications of the general marital fertility rate(MSØV)
-Define the term “Age Specific Fertility Rate”(MSLV)
-Discuss the implications of the age-specific fertility rate(MSLV)
-Define the terms “Gross Reproduction Rate, Net Reproduction Rate, eligible couple, Couple Protection Rate, and their importance(MSLV)
-Discuss parity, birth interval, and child-women ratio(MSLV)
-Calculate and interpret demographic indices such as birth rate, death rate, and fertility rates(MSLV)
-Enumerate the methods of population control(MSLV)
-Discuss the salient features of National Population Policy 2000(MSLV)
Vital Statistics: Sources of information/vital statistics
-Enumerate the various sources of data or health information/vital statistics(MSLV)
-Describe the process of the census(MSØV)
-Enumerate the various data collected in the census(MSØV)
-Discuss the key findings in the previous Census in India(MSØV)
-Discuss Sample Registration System(MSØV)
-Discuss the uses and importance of SRS in Healthcare(MSØV)
-Discuss the National Family Health Survey, its objectives, and its uses(MSLV)
-Compare the last two National Family Health Surveys(MØØV)
-Describe National Sample Survey(MSØV)
-Discuss the Civil Registration System(MSØV)
-Discuss the National and International Disease Notification(MSØV)
-Discuss disease registries(MSØV)
-Discuss epidemiological surveillance data(MSØV)
-Discuss records of hospitals and health services(MSØV)
Family Welfare
-Define the term “Family Planning”(MSØV)
-Enumerate the objectives of family planning(MSLV)
-Discuss the salient feature of the National Family Welfare Program(MSLV)
-Classify family planning methods(MSLV)
Contraception
-Describe the various family planning / contraceptive methods, and their advantages and disadvantages(MSLV)
-Demonstrate the use of family methods using mannequins/model(MØØV)
-Counsel and educate couples on appropriate contraceptive methods(MØØV)
MTP Act
-Trace the MTP Act in India(MSØV)
-Discuss the features/provisions of the ACT including the amendments(1971 and 2021)(MSLV)
PC PNDT Act
-Discuss the PreConception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994 and its amendments(PC PNDT Act)(MSLV)
Communicable Diseases and Relevant National Health Programmes
Definitions
-Define the terms “Infection”, “Infectious disease”, “Infectious Agent”, “incubation period”, “infectivity ”, “Communicable diseases”(MØØV)
-Differentiate between infection and infectious diseases(MSØV)
-Differentiate between communicable diseases and infectious diseases(MSØV)
Classification of Infectious diseases
-Classify infectious diseases(MSØV)
General epidemiology of airborne diseases
-Discuss the modes of transmission, measures of prevention, and control of airborne diseases(MSØV)
Respiratory Infections (Chickenpox, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Influenza, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Meningococcal Meningitis, Acute Respiratory Infections, SARS, COVIID19, Tuberculosis)
-Describe the disease burden (worldwide and India) epidemiology, agent factors, host factors, clinical features, diagnosis, essential laboratory test, types, complications, mode of transmission, prevention, and control measures of Respiratory Infectious(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies for the prevention and control of Respiratory infections at the community level(MSØV)
-Discuss the home-based care of Respiratory Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse reactions to Respiratory Infections Vaccine(MSLV)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and management of Respiratory infections at the community level(MSLV)
-Enumerate the risk factors for tuberculosis(MSLV)
-Discuss the epidemiological indices of Tuberculosis(MSLV)
-Discuss the case definitions for tuberculosis(MSLV)
-Enumerate the treatment regimen of newly diagnosed, previously treated, drugresistant tuberculosis cases(MSLV)
-Discuss treatment outcome definition, MDR and XDR(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies / public health measures for the prevention and control of Tuberculosis(MSØV)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and manageme nt of Tuberculosis at the community level(MSLV)
-Trace the history of the National Tuberculosi s Control Program(MØØV)
-Discuss the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program(MSØV)
-Describe Directly Observer Treatment(DOTs)(MSLV)
-Discuss the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program(MSLV)
-Discuss the diagnosis of tuberculosis under RNTCP(MSLV)
-Discuss the Nikshay program(MSLV)
-Discuss the relationship of Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS(MSLV)
Intestinal Infections (Polio Myelitis, Viral Hepatitis, Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases, Cholera, Thyphoid Fever, Food Poisoning, Amoebiasis, Ascariasis, Shigellosis, Anthrax, Hookworm Infections, Dracunculiasis
-Describe the disease burden (worldwide and India) epidemiology, agent factors, host factors, clinical features, diagnosis, essential laboratory test, types, complications, mode of transmission, prevention, and control measures of Intestinal Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies for the prevention and control of Intestinal Infections at the community level(MSØV)
-Discuss the home-based care of Intestinal Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse reactions to the Intestinal Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and management of Intestinal Infections at the community level(MSLV)
-Discuss the objectives and steps of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance(MSLV)
-Discuss the polio eradication strategy(MSLV)
-Discuss the National Diarrheal Diseases Control Program(MSLV)
-Describe the steps of preparation of ORS(MSLV)
-Discuss the causes of food poisoning(MSLV)
-Describe the investigation of an outbreak of food poisoning(MSLV)
Arthropod Infections (Dengue Syndrome, Malaria, Lymphatic Filariasis, Zika Virus Disease)
-Describe the disease burden (worldwide and India) epidemiology, agent factors, host factors, clinical features, diagnosis, essential laboratory test, types, complications, mode of transmission, prevention, and control measures of Arthropod Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies for the prevention and control of Arthropod Infections at the community level(MSØV)
-Discuss the homebased care of Arthropod Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse reactions to Arthropod Infections Vaccine(MSLV)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and management of Arthropod Infections at the community level(MSLV)
-Discuss the Dengue & Malaria surveillance/epidemiological survey(MSLV)
-Describe the epidemiological indices for dengue: larval survey, pupae survey(MSØV)
-Describe indices related to parasite: Annual Parasite Index, Annual Blood Examination Rate, Slide positivity rate, vector indices, larval surveys(MSLV)
-Discuss the objectives, features, and activities of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme(MSLV)
-Trace the history of the National Malaria Control Program in India(MØØV)
-Discuss the salient features of the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India(MSLV)
-Discuss the National Filariasis Control Program and NVBDCP(MSØV)
Zoonoses Diseases – Viral (Rabies, Yellow Fever, Nipah virus infection, Japanese Encephalitis, Ebola, Kyasanur Forest diseases) – Bacterial (Chikungunya, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Plague, Human Salmonellosis) – Rickettsial Disease (Rickettsial disease, Scrub Typhus, Murine Typhus, Q-Fever – Parasitic Zoonosis (Taeniasis, Hydatid Disease, Leishmaniosis)
-Describe the disease burden (worldwide and India) epidemiology, agent factors, host factors, clinical features, diagnosis, essential laboratory test, types, complications, mode of transmission, prevention, and control measures of Zooneses Diseases(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies for the prevention and control of Zooneses Diseases at the community level(MSØV)
-Discuss the home-based care of Zooneses Diseases(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse reactions to Zooneses Diseases Vaccine(MSØL)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and management of Zooneses Diseases at the community level(MSLV)
-Discuss the National Program for Prevention and Control of Japanese Encephaliti s and NVBDCP(MSLV)
Surface Infections (Trachoma, Tetanus, Leprosy, STD, YAWS, AIDS)
-Describe the disease burden (worldwide and India) epidemiology, agent factors, host factors, clinical features, diagnosis, essential laboratory test, types, complications, mode of transmission, prevention, and control measures of Surface Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the global and Indian strategies for the prevention and control of Surface Infections at the community level(MSØV)
-Discuss the home-based care of Surface Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the adverse reactions to Surface Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss homoeopathic prophylaxis and management of Surface Infections at the community level(MSLV)
-Discuss the National Program for Prevention and Control of Surface Infections(MSLV)
Hospital Acquired Infections/Nosocomial infections
-Define the term “Nosocomial infection”(MØØV)
-Describethe magnitude, impact, epidemiology-agent factors, Host/patient factors, and environmental factors for Nosocomial infections(MSLV)
-Enumerate the types of Hospital Acquired Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention and control of Hospital Acquired Infections(MSLV)
-Discuss the Universal Precautions(MSLV)
Occupational Health
Occupational Health
-Define the term “Occupational Health”(MØØV)
-Discuss the objectives of occupational health(MSLV)
-Classify Occupational Hazards(MSLV)
-Discuss the magnitude of occupational health in India(MSØV)
-Discuss the Engineering, Medical, Personal Protective Equipment, and Legislative measures of prevention and control of occupational diseases(MSLV)
-Discuss the scope and benefits of The Factories Act 1948(MSLV)
-Discuss the scope and benefits of The ESI Act 1948(MSLV)
Ergonomics
-Define the term “Ergonomics”(MSØV)
-Discuss the principles and benefits of ergonomics(MSLV)
-Discuss sickness absenteeism(MSLV)
Health Hazards in Agriculture
-Describe the occupational health hazards in agriculture(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention and control of health hazards in agriculture(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Health Hazards in Healthcare Professionals
-Describe the biological, ergonomic, chemical, physical, psychosocial, and emotional hazards in healthcare professionals(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention and control of health hazards in healthcare professionals(MSLV)
Health Hazards in other sectors
-Describe the occupational health hazards in other sectors such as IT, Education, Mechanical, etc(MSØV)
-Discuss the prevention and control of health hazards(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Occupational Diseases
-Discuss the causes of occupational diseases(MSØV)
-Discuss the risk factors and prevention of occupational cancers(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Occupational Lung Diseases
-Enumerate the occupational lung diseases(MSØV)
-Discuss the causes, prevention, and control of pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis, and byssinosis(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Occupational industrial accidents
-Discuss the host, agent, and environmental factors of industrial accidents(MSLV)
-Enumerate the types of occupation injuries /accidents(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention of occupational industrial accidents(MSLV)
Occupational Dermatitis
-Discuss the causes, management, prevention, and control of occupational dermatitis(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Lead poisoning
-Discuss the risk factors, manifestation, prevention, and control of lead poisoning(MSLV)
Occupational burnout and stress
-Enumerate the causes of occupational burnout and stress(MSLV)
-Discuss the prevention of occupational burnout and stress(MSLV)
-Discuss Homoeopathic management(MSLV)
Working condition
-Discuss the strategies to improve working condition(MSLV)
-Discuss occupational health safety(MSLV)
Occupational health assessment
-Assess occupation health conditions(MSLV)