THIRD BHMS
SURGERY-1 QUESTION BANK
question bank according to CBDC syllabus
M - MCQ | S - SAQ | L - LAQ | V - VIVA/PRACTICAL | Ø - NON
➥ Introduction to surgery
Introduction to Surgery, scope and limitations of Homoeopathy in surgical conditions and surgical case taking
Introduction to surgery(MSØV)
-Describe surgical disease according to Hahnemann
-Explain the importance of knowledge of surgical diseases for Homoeopathic practice
Scope and limitations of Homoeopathy in surgical conditions(ØSØV)
-Explain scope and limitations of Homoeopathy in surgical conditions
Homoeopathic perspective of surgical diseases(ØØLV)
-Classification of Disease Hahnemmanian: Surgical disease
-Explain the nature and significance of surgical disease on the basis of organon of medicine
Case taking of surgical cases(ØØØV)
-Discuss the steps of case taking in surgical conditions
-Observe surgical case taking in clinical set up
➥ Trauma/Injury
Trauma/ Injury and examination of trauma case
Types of injury(MSØV)
-Classify different types of injury/ trauma according to causation and by effects
Homoeopathic therapeutics of injury(MSØV)
-List homeopathic remedies that are commonly used for specific types of injuries
Principles in the management of road traffic accident(ØSLV)
-Describe the components of primary survey in victims of road traffic accidents
-Describe the components of Secondary survey in victims of road traffic accidents
Resuscitation in trauma cases(ØØØV)
-Demonstrate the steps of Basic life support – Initiation of resuscitation, Opening of airway, Defibrillation, High quality CPR Ventilation- compression ratio, Vascular access, Termination of CPR
-Discuss the principles of ATLS – advance trauma care management
Management of trauma case(MSLV)
-Discuss the principles of pre-hospital care and causality management of a trauma victim including principles of triage
-Demonstrate the transport of the injured in simulated setting
Head injury
Head injury – Pathophysiology, Types(MSØV)
-Describe Pathophysiology of head injuries
-Explain different types of head injuries like concussion, skull fracture, intracranial haemorrhage and diffuse axonal injuries
Intracranial pressure(ØSØV)
-State the Monro Kellie doctrine about intracranial pressure
-Enumerate the causes of raised intracranial pressure
Assessment of head injury(MSLV)
-Describe Glasgow coma scale
-Discuss the neurological assessment of a patient with head injuries
Investigations and management of head injury(MØLV)
-Enumerate the appropriate investigations to done in case of head injury
Homoeopathic therapeutics for head injury(MSØV)
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for head injuries
Injury to chest and abdomen
CHEST INJURY –
Clinical features, investigations and management(MSLV)
-Describe the clinical features of chest injuries
-List the appropriate investigations required in a case of chest injury
-Discuss the management of chest injury
Flail chest and stove-in chest(MSØV)
-Define flail chest
-Explain the clinical features of flail chest
-Discuss the management of flail chest
-Explain stove-in chest
Tension pneumothorax(MSLV)
-Define tension pneumothorax
-Enumerate the cause of tension pneumothorax
-Discuss the clinical features of tension pneumothorax
-Discuss the management of tension pneumothorax
Thoracotomy(MSØV)
-Enumerate the indications for Emergency thoracotomy
ABDOMINAL INJURY –
Clinical features, investigations and management(MSLV)
-Explain the clinical presentations of blunt abdominal trauma
-Enumerate the relevant investigations to be advised in a case of blunt abdominal trauma
-Discuss the surgical management of blunt abdominal trauma
Splenic trauma(MSLV)
-Describe the clinical presentation of splenic trauma
-Discuss the diagnosis of splenic trauma
-Discuss the management of splenic trauma
Hepatic trauma(MSLV)
-Describe the clinical presentation of Hepatic trauma
-Discuss the diagnosis of Hepatic trauma
-Discuss the management of Hepatic trauma
Pancreatico-Duodenal trauma(MSLV)
-Describe the clinical presentation of pancreatico-duodenal trauma
-Discuss the diagnosis of pancreatico-duodenal trauma
-Discuss the management of pancreatico-duodenal trauma
Renal trauma(MSLV)
-Explain the clinical presentations of renal trauma
-Discuss the diagnosis of renal trauma
-Discuss the management of renal trauma
Wounds and wound healing
Types of Wounds(MSØV)
-Discuss various types of closed wounds
-Discuss various types of open wounds
Wound healing process and its types(MSØV)
-Discuss the various stages of wound healing
-Discuss the factors affecting the wound healing
-Discuss the types of wound healing
Examination of wound(ØØØV)
-Demonstrate the evaluation and assessment of wound
Surgical site infections(MSLV)
-Classify surgical site infections
-Enumerate the risk factors of surgical site infections
-Discuss the clinical presentation of surgical site infections
Homeopathic management of surgical site infections & wound management(MSLV)
-Discuss the scope of Homoeopathy in surgical site infections
-Discuss the Homeopathic therapeutics for surgical site infections
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for various types of injuries
Wound management(MSØV)
-Describe the principles acute wound management
-Demonstrate cleaning and dressing of wound
-Enumerate different types of Suture materials
-Demonstrate different types of Suture/knotting techniques
-Discuss the Principles of anastomosis
Scars and keloid(MSØV)
-Describe hypertrophic scar and keloid
-Discuss the management of Scars and Keloid along with Homoeopathic Therapeutics
Haemorrhage & blood transfusion
Types of haemorrhage(MSØV)
-Enumerate types of haemorrhage
Management of haemorrhage(MSLV)
-Explain the basic concepts of hemostasis and mechanism of Haemostasis
Management of haemorrhage with homoeopathy(MSØV)
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics for haemorrhage
Blood transfusion and blood products(MSØV)
-Enumerate the Indications for blood transfusion
-Explain the complications of blood transfusion
-Describe various blood products and appropriate indications for their use
Examination of haemorrhagic case(MSØV)
-Discuss the assessment of patient with haemorrhage
-Demonstrate examination of a haemorrhagic case
Blood transfusion procedure(ØØØV)
-Observe blood transfusion procedure
Shock
Types & Pathophysiology of shock(MSLV)
-Define shock
-Enumerate the various types of shock
-Explain the pathophysiology of shock
Clinical features, investigations and management of shock(MSLV)
-Explain the clinical features of shock
-Discuss the diagnosis of various types of shock
-Explain the complications of shock
-Discuss the management of shock
Homeopathic therapeutics for shock(MSØV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for shock
Fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance
Fluid(MSØV)
-Describe the fluid compartments of the body
-Identify the indications of fluid replacement
-Discuss the methods of estimation and replacement the Fluid and electrolyte in the surgical patient
Acid base balance – Acidosis(MSØV)
-Enumerate the causes of metabolic acidosis
-Describe the clinical features and laboratory findings of metabolic acidosis
-Discuss the management of metabolic acidosis
Acid base balance – Alkalosis(MSØV)
-Enumerate the causes of metabolic alkalosis
-Describe the clinical features and laboratory findings of metabolic alkalosis
-Discuss the management of metabolic alkalosis
Acid base balance – Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis(MSØV)
-Enumerate the causes of respiratory acidosis
-Describe the clinical features and laboratory findings of respiratory acidosis
-Discuss the management of respiratory acidosis
-Enumerate the causes of respiratory alkalosis
-Describe the clinical features and laboratory findings of respiratory alkalosis
-Discuss the management of respiratory alkalosis
Electrolyte balance – Potassium (Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia)(MSØV)
-Enumerate causes of Hyperkalemia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hyperkalemia
-Discuss the management of Hyperkalemia
-Enumerate causes of Hypokalemia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hypokalemia
-Discuss the management of Hypokalemia
Electrolyte balance – Sodium (Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia)(MSØV)
-Enumerate causes of Hypernatremia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hypernatremia
-Discuss the management of Hypernatremia
-Enumerate causes of Hyponatremia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hyponatremia
-Discuss the management of Hyponatremia
Electrolyte balance – Calcium (Hypercalcemia/Hypocalcemia)(MSØV)
-Enumerate causes of Hypercalcemia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hypercalcemia
Discuss the management of Hypercalcemia
-Enumerate causes of Hypocalcemia
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of hypocalcemia
-Discuss the management of Hypocalcemia
Fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance(ØØØV)
-Describe the assessment of fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance in a surgical case
-Fluid replacement therapy
Burns, skin grafting
Burns(MSLV)
-Describe the pathophysiology of burns
-Discuss the assessment of burn wound
-Assessing size and depth of burns
-Explain the principles of fluid resuscitation in burns cases
-Discuss the management of burn wound
-Discuss the scope of Homoeopathy in the management of burns
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for burns
-Examination of case of burns
-Assessment of burn wound
Skin grafting(MSØV)
-Enumerate the indications for skin grafting
-Describe the various types of skin grafting
Nutrition
Nutrition(MSØV)
-Enumerate the causes of malnutrition in surgical patients
-Discuss the consequences of malnutrition in surgical patient
-Discuss the nutritional requirements of surgical patients
-Explain the methods of providing nutritional support
-Demonstrate various types artificial nutritional support in surgical patients
Ulcers
Ulcer(MSLV)
-Define Ulcer
-Describe different classification of Ulcer
-Explain therapeutics of ulcer
-Demonstrate examination of ulcer
Sinus and Fistula
Sinus and Fistula(MSLV)
-Define sinus and fistula
-Explain sinus and fistula
-Demonstrate examination of sinus and fistula
-Explain therapeutics of sinus and fistula
➥ Concept of Infectious Disease and Host Response
Common surgical infection
Boil(MSØV)
-Define boil
-Discuss clinical features complications of boil
Carbuncle(MSØV)
-Define carbuncle
-Describe the pathology of carbuncle
-Discuss the clinical features complications of carbuncle
Abscess(MSØV)
-Define abscess
-Enumerate the various types of abscesses
-Explain clinical features of abscess
-Discuss the management of abscess
Cellulitis and erysipelas(MSØV)
-Define cellulitis
-Explain clinical features of cellulitis
-Define erysipelas
-Explain the clinical features of erysipelas
-Discuss the difference between cellulitis and erysipelas
Hidradenitis suppurativa(MSØV)
-Discuss the pathology of Hidradenitis suppurativa
-Explain the clinical features of Hidradenitis suppurativa
Septicaemia and pyaemia(MSLV)
-Define septicaemia
-Enumerate the causes of septicemia & discuss the clinical features of septicaemia
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome(MSLV)
-Define systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)
-Discuss the pathophysiology of SIRS
Examination of Common surgical infections(ØØØV)
-Demonstrate the examination of a case of common surgical infections like boil, carbuncle, cellulitis, erysipelas, hydradenitis suppurativa etc
Homoeopathic Management Of Common surgical infections(MSØV)
-Discuss the therapeutics with specific indications for common surgical infections like boil, carbuncle, cellulitis, erysipelas and hidradenitis suppurativa
-Discuss the role of Homoeopathy in septicaemia and pyaemia
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for septicaemia and pyaemia
Special infection
Tuberculosis(MSLV)
-Describe the pathology of tuberculosis
-Explain the clinical features of tuberculosis
-Discuss the diagnosis of tuberculosis
Syphilis(MSLV)
-Describe the pathology of syphilis
-Explain the types and clinical features of Syphilis
AIDS(MSLV)
-Discuss the pathogenesis of AIDS
-Explain the clinical features of AIDS
Actinomycosis(MSLV)
-Discuss the pathogenesis of Actinomycosis
-Describe the clinical features of Actinomycosis
Leprosy(MSLV)
-Discuss the pathogenesis of leprosy
-Explain the types and clinical features of leprosy
Tetanus(MSLV)
-Discuss the pathogenesis of Tetanus
-Explain the clinical features of Tetanus
Infective gangrene(MSLV)
-Define gangrene
-Enumerate the causes of gangrene
-Discuss the clinical types of gangrene
-Describe the clinical features
-Discuss the management of gangrene
Homoeopathic Management Of Special infections(MSØV)
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for special infections like Tuberculosis, Syphilis, AIDS, Actinomycosis, Leprosy and tetanus
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for Gangrene
-Demonstrate the Examination of case of gangrene
➥ Concept of swelling
tumours and Cyst
Tumours(MSLV)
-Define Tumour
-Discuss the differences between benign and malignant tumours
-Differentiate different tumours like sarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Naevus, Melanoma etc
-Discuss Homoeopathic Therapeutics of Tumour
Cyst(MSLV)
-Define Cyst
-Explain Types of Cyst
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for Cyst
Lipoma, Fibroma, Adenoma, Neuroma, Neurofibroma, Haemangioma(MSLV)
-Explain Lipoma, Fibroma, Adenoma, Neuroma, Neurofibroma, Haemangioma
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics of Lipoma, Fibroma, Adenoma, Neuroma, Neurofibroma, Haemangioma
Tumour & Swelling(ØØØV)
-Demonstrate examination of Tumour and swelling of different types
➥ Orthopedics
Diseases of the Bones
Acute osteomyelitis
-Define osteomyelitis
-Discuss the etiopathogenesis of osteomyelitis
-Describe the clinical features of osteomyelitis
-Explain the diagnostic workup for osteomyelitis
-Discuss the principles of management of osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis(MSLV)
-Discuss the pathology and clinical features of chronic osteomyelitis
-Describe the diagnostic workup specific to chronic osteomyelitis
-Discuss the management of chronic osteomyelitis
-Discuss the homoeopathic therapeutics for osteomyelitis
Garre’s osteomyelitis(MSLV)
-Define Garre’s osteomyelitis
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of Garre’s osteomyelitis
Brodies abscess(MSLV)
-Describe Brodies abscess
Bone Tumours(MSLV)
-Describe osteomas
-Describe Osteoid osteoma
-Describe osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, adamantinoma and chordoma
-Describe the clinical features and diagnosis of Osteoclastoma (Giant cell tumor)
-Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma
-Describe Ewing’s sarcoma
-Discuss the pathology and clinical features of multiple myeloma
-Describe Osteochondroma
-Describe Enchondromas
-Discuss the therapeutics of bone tumors
Other Bone Diseases(MSLV)
-Describe Paget’s disease of bone
-Describe Osteopetrosis
-Describe Perthe’s disease
-Explain the Causes of avascular necrosis bone
-How to diagnosis of Avascular necrosis
Spinal & Vertebral Column Diseases
Pott’s disease(MSLV)
-Define Pott’s disease
-Describe the pathology of Pott’s disease
-Discuss the clinical features of Pott’s disease
-Identify radiological findings specific to Pott’s disease in imaging studies like X-ray, MRI and CT scan
-Discuss the management of tuberculosis of spine (Potts disease)
Pott’s paraplegia(MSLV)
-Describe Pott’s paraplegia
Prolapsed intervertebral disc(MSLV)
-Describe relevant Anatomy of Intervertebral disc
-Discuss the changes in the spine, clinical features and diagnosis of intervertebral disc prolapse
Spinal deformities(MSLV)
-Scoliosis – definition, causes, diagnosis, management
-Kyphosis – definition, causes, diagnosis, management
-Spondylolisthesis – description
-Low Back Pain – causes, examination
-Sciatica – definition, causes, therapeutics management
Spinal injuries(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the spine, including vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, nerve roots, and ligaments
-Understand the mechanisms of spinal injuries, including trauma (e.g., road traffic accidents, falls), sports injuries, and pathologic fractures
-Recognize the clinical features of spinal injuries, such as neck or back pain, paralysis, sensory loss, and neurogenic shock
-Interpret imaging studies (X-rays, MRI, CT scans) for diagnosing spinal fractures, dislocations, and cord injuries
-Discuss the initial emergency management including spinal immobilization, neuroprotection and treatment options for spinal injuries
-Discuss common complications of spinal injuries, including spinal cord injury complications (e.g., paralysis), pressure sores, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and respiratory issues
-Perform a clinical examination of the spine, including inspection, palpation, neurological assessment, and special tests (e.g., straightleg raise test)
Traumatic paraplegia(MSLV)
-Define traumatic paraplegia and describe its common causes, such as spinal cord injury due to trauma(e.g., road traffic accidents, falls, sports injuries)
-Recognize the clinical features of traumatic paraplegia, including motor and sensory deficits, autonomic dysfunction (e.g., bladder, bowel control), and secondary complications
-Discuss the initial emergency management of traumatic paraplegia, including spinal immobilization, airway management, and prevention of secondary injury
-Explain the definitive treatment options for traumatic paraplegia
-Discuss the long-term complications of traumatic paraplegia, including
-Perform a clinical examination for traumatic paraplegia, including neurological assessment (motor and sensory testing), deep tendon reflexes, and autonomic function assessment
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for traumatic paraplegia
Fractures & Dislocations
Fracture(MSLV)
-Define fracture
-Discuss the various stages of fracture healing
-Enumerate the factors affecting fracture healing
-Describe the types of fractures (e.g., simple, compound, comminuted) and the basic principles of fracture management
-Identify the signs and symptoms of a fracture (e.g., pain, swelling, deformity, loss of function)
-Observe / Perform emergency care of fracture including immobilization techniques (e.g., splinting), managing open fractures (e.g., wound dressing), and assessing for neurovascular injury
-Interpret imaging techniques (e.g., X-rays, CT scans) to diagnose fractures, assess fracture type
-Explain various treatment plan for fractures, including conservative management (e.g., casting, traction) and surgical options (e.g., internal fixation, external fixation)
-Describe the pathophysiology of immediate complications of fractures, such as haemorrhage, compartment syndrome, and fat embolism
-Explain/Recognise early complications of fractures, including infection, DVT (deep vein thrombosis), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and understand their clinical features
-Discuss the management plans for immediate complications, such as compartment syndrome (fasciotomy), haemorrhage control, and fat embolism syndrome (supportive care)
Explain the late complications of fracture – Delayed union, Non-union, Malunion, Joint stiffness and contracture, Avascular necrosis, Myositis ossificans, Ischemic (Volkmann’s) contracture, Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, Sudeck’s dystrophy, Growth disturbances (in children)
-Discuss the scope of Homoeopathy in fracture cases along with the indications Homoeopathic medicines for fracture
-Describe compartment syndrome
-Describe Sudeck’s dystrophy
-Describe Myositis ossificans (Post traumatic ossificans)
Joint injury(MSLV)
-Define dislocation and subluxation of joints
-Explain the clinical features of joint dislocation
Fracture of Clavicle(MSLV)
-Recall the anatomy of the clavicle, including its ossification, vascular, and neurological relations
-Describe the mechanism of injury leading to clavicular fractures (direct trauma, fall on outstretched hand, etc.)
-Classify clavicular fractures based on anatomical location
-Identify clinical features of clavicular fractures, including swelling, deformity, pain, and restricted shoulder movement
-Assess for complications such as brachial plexus injury, subclavian vessel injury, and non-union
-Interpret radiographic findings of clavicular fractures using standard X-ray views
-Describe the management of clavicular fracture
Injury around shoulder and fracture of Humerus(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the shoulder joint and humerus, including the glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, and neurovascular structures
-Classify different types of shoulder injuries (e.g., dislocations, rotator cuff tears, labral tears) and humeral fractures (e.g., proximal, midshaft, distal)
-Identify clinical signs and symptoms of shoulder injuries (e.g., limited range of motion, deformity) and humerus fractures (e.g., swelling, pain, deformity)
-Outline the emergency management of shoulder dislocations (e.g., reduction techniques) and humeral fractures (e.g., splinting)
-Explain the complications of shoulder injuries (e.g., recurrent dislocation, rotator cuff tear) and humerus fractures (e.g., malunion, nerve injury)
-Perform a clinical examination for shoulder injuries, and assess for humerus fractures
Injuries around the elbow(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the elbow joint, including bony structures (humerus, radius, ulna), ligaments (collateral ligaments), and neurovascular structures
-Classify common elbow injuries, including fractures (e.g., supracondylar, radial head fractures, olecranon fracture), dislocations and soft tissue injuries
-Explain the mechanisms of injury for common elbow conditions (e.g., fall on an outstretched hand leading to supracondylar fracture, elbow hyperextension causing dislocation)
-Identify the clinical signs and symptoms of elbow fractures
-Interpret imaging studies, including X-rays
-Describe the emergency management of elbow dislocations and fractures, including immobilization, neurovascular assessment
-Recognize the complications of elbow injuries, such as stiffness, malunion, nonunion, compartment syndrome, and nerve palsies
-Describe pulled elbow
Injuries of the forearm and wrist(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the forearm and wrist, including bones (radius, ulna, carpal bones), ligaments, muscles, tendons, and neurovascular structures
-Explain the common forearm and wrist injuries, including fractures (e.g, Colles’ fracture, Monteggia fracture dislocation, Galeazzi fracture, Smith’s fracture)
-Interpret imaging studies (e.g., X-rays for fractures) to diagnose forearm and wrist injuries and assess the severity
-Describe the emergency management of forearm and wrist injuries, including immobilization (splints or casts)
Injuries of hand(MSLV)
-Explain Bennett’s fracture dislocation, Rolando’s fracture, fracture of metacarpals, and fracture of phalanges
-Interpret imaging studies (e.g., X-rays for fractures) to diagnose hand injuries to assess the severity
-Describe the management of hand injuries, including immobilization (splints or casts)
Examination of Injuries of upper limb(MSLV)
-Recall the anatomy of upper limb bones, including the shoulder girdle, humerus, radius, ulna, and hand bones
-Describe the mechanism of injury and types of fractures involving the upper limb (e.g., clavicle fractures, humeral fractures, forearm fractures, hand fractures)
-Identify clinical features and signs of fractures, including swelling, deformity, pain, abnormal mobility, and functional impairment
-Perform a systematic examination of suspected fractures, including inspection, palpation, and range of motion assessment
-Assess neurovascular status (e.g., brachial plexus, radial, ulnar, and median nerve function; vascular assessment)
-Interpret radiographic findings of fractures involving the upper limb
Pelvic fracture(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the pelvis, including its bones, ligaments, and major blood vessels
-Understand the mechanism of injury in pelvic fractures (e.g., high-energy trauma, falls) and their classification (e.g., stable vs. unstable, Type A, Type B and Type C)
-Identify the clinical features of pelvic fractures, including pain, inability to bear weight, and associated injuries (e.g., genitourinary and vascular injuries)
-Perform a clinical examination to assess for pelvic fracture, including inspection, palpation, and stability tests
-Interpret imaging studies
Dislocation of Hip(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the hip joint, including bones, ligaments, muscles, and blood supply
-Understand the mechanism of injury leading to hip dislocation and fracture, including trauma from high-energy impacts (e.g., road traffic accidents, falls)
-Recognize the clinical features of hip fracture dislocation, including pain, deformity, and inability to move the limb
-Interpret imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans, MRIs) for the diagnosis of hip fracture dislocation
-Discuss the initial emergency and different treatment options for hip fracture dislocation
-Discuss potential complications of hip fracture dislocation, such as avascular necrosis (AVN), nerve injury, osteoarthritis, and thromboembolism
Fracture of neck of femur(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the femoral neck and its blood supply, including the role of the medial circumflex femoral artery
-Understand the mechanism of injury leading to femoral neck fractures, particularly in elderly patients with osteoporosis and in high-impact trauma
-Recognize the clinical features of femoral neck fractures, including hip pain, shortened leg, and external rotation of the limb
-Interpret imaging studies, including X-rays and CT scans, for the diagnosis of femoral neck fractures
-Discuss the emergency management and different treatment options for femoral neck fracture
-Perform a clinical examination to assess for fracture of the neck of femur, including inspection, palpation, and assessment of limb shortening
Fracture shaft of femur(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the femur, focusing on the structure of the shaft, muscles, and blood supply
-Understand the mechanisms of injury leading to femoral shaft fractures, including high-energy trauma like road traffic accidents and falls
-Recognize the clinical presentation of femoral shaft
-Interpret imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans) for diagnosis and classification of femoral shaft fractures
-Discuss the initial emergency management and treatment options for femoral shaft fracture
-Discuss potential complications of femoral shaft fractures, including fat embolism syndrome, compartment syndrome, and delayed union/non-union
Injuries around the knee(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the knee joint, including bones, ligaments, menisci, and cartilage
-Understand the mechanisms of common knee injuries, including ligament tears, meniscal
-injuries, fractures, and dislocations
-Recognize clinical features of knee injuries such as swelling, pain, instability, locking, and reduced range of motion
-Interpret imaging studies (X-rays, MRI, and CT scans) for diagnosing knee injuries, including fractures, ligament tears, and meniscal injuries
-Discuss the initial emergency management of knee injuries and treatment options for knee injuries
-Discuss common complications of knee injuries, such as stiffness, chronic instability, posttraumatic arthritis, and ligament failure
-Perform a clinical examination of the knee, including inspection, palpation, range of motion assessment, and special tests (e.g., Lachman’s test, McMurray’s test, Drawer test)
Injuries to the Leg, Ankle and Foot(MSLV)
-Describe the anatomy of the leg, ankle, and foot, including bones (tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges), ligaments, and muscles
-Understand the mechanisms of common leg, ankle, and foot injuries, including fractures (e.g., tibia, fibula,
calcaneum, talus, Metatarsal and Phalanges of toes), ligament sprains (e.g., ankle sprains), tendon injuries, and dislocations
-Recognize the clinical features of leg, ankle, and foot injuries, such as pain, deformity, swelling, instability, and difficulty bearing weight
-Interpret imaging studies (X-rays, MRI, CT scans) for diagnosing fractures, ligament injuries, and dislocations in the leg, ankle, and foot
-Discuss the initial emergency management and treatment-options of leg, ankle, and foot injuries
-Perform a clinical examination of the leg, ankle, and foot, including inspection, palpation, range of motion, and special tests
Diseases of the Joints
Septic arthritis(MSLV)
-Explain the etiopathology of septic arthritis
-Discuss the clinical features and diagnosis of septic arthritis
-Discuss the management of septic arthritis
Tom Smith arthritis(MSLV)
-Describe Tom Smith arthritis
Tuberculosis of hip joint(MSLV)
-Describe the pathology of Tb of hip joint
-Enumerate the stages of hip joint TB
-Explain the clinical features, diagnosis of TB of Hip joint
-Discuss the management of TB of Hip joint
Rheumatoid arthritis
-Discuss the etiopathology, stages, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
-Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical features investigation and management of Ankylosing Spondylitis
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for Ankylosing spondylitis
Osteoarthritis
-Describe the types, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Osteoarthritis
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for osteoarthritis
Cervical spondylosis
-Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Cervical spondylosis
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for cervical spondylosis
Lumbar spondylosis
-Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of lumbar spondylosis
-Discuss the Homoeopathic therapeutics for Lumbar spondylosis
Knee joint -examination
-Demonstrate the clinical examination of knee joint
Muscles, Tendons & Fascia
Diseases of the Muscles, Tendons & Fascia(MSLV)
-Dupuytren’s Contracture
-Tennis Elbow – description, homoeopathic therapeutics
-Golfer’s Elbow
-De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
-Trigger Finger
-Ganglion – definition, homoeopathic therapeutics
-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
-Frozen Shoulder– features, management, homoeopathic therapeutics
-Plantar Fasciitis – description, therapeutics
-Painful Arc Syndrome
Orthopaedic Conditions
Miscellaneous Regional Orthopaedic Conditions(MSLV)
-Torticollis (Wry Neck) – definition, causes
-Cervical Rib – clinicle features, differential diagnosis
-Arch Foot – anatomy of arch of foot
-Flat Foot – anatomy, causes, management
-Genu Valgum (Knock Knee) – Define, causes, treatment
-Genu Varum – Define, causes, treatment
-Describe Hallux Valgus
-Describe Osteogenesis Imperfecta
➥ Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology - anatomy & diaseases
Describe the anatomy and physiology of vision(MSØV)
-Identify the anatomy of the eye, including cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve, orbit
-Describe the physiology of vision, including accommodation, color vision, and adaptation Visual pathway
-Explain reflex arcs like pupillary and corneal reflexes
Optics(MSØV)
-Explain the principles of refraction, accommodation, and visual acuity
Refractive errors(MSØV)
-Define and classify refractive errors
-Definition of myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism
-Describe the etiopathogenesis, Types, Clinical features, investigations & management of myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism
-Describe the indications and advantages, complications of contact lenses
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of refractive errors
Demonstrate the steps in performing the visual acuity assessment and colour vision Assess visual acuity using Snellen’s chart, pin hole testing and interpret the findings(ØØØV)
-Assess near vision using Times new Roman charts
-Assess color vision using Ishihara’s color plates
Conjunctiva(MSLV)
-Discuss causes and clinical features of conjunctivitis
-Explain diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for bacterial, viral, and allergic conjunctivitis
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of Conjunctiva
Cornea(MSLV)
-Describe corneal anatomy and its role in refractive power
-Discuss the aetiology, and clinical features of Keratitis, Corneal ulcers and Corneal abrasions
-Discuss management of keratitis, ulcers, and corneal abrasions
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of Cornea
Glaucoma(MSLV)
-Define Glaucoma
-Differentiate types of glaucoma (open-angle, angle-closure)
-Describe the clinical features of Glaucoma
-Explain the use of tonometry, perimetry, and OCT in diagnosis
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Glaucoma
Retina(MSØV)
-Explain retinal anatomy, including layers and blood supply
-Recognize common retinal diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, ARMD)
-Describe the clinical features and pathophysiology of retinal diseases
-Discuss management of common retinal diseases (diabetic retinopathy, AMD)
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Retinal diseases
Diseases of Sclera(MSØV)
-Identify structural features and common disorders of the sclera
-Discuss scleritis and episcleritis and their management
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of Sclera
Diseases of the uveal tract(MSLV)
-Explain the structure and role of the uveal tract
-Discuss types of uveitis
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of the uveal tract
Diseases of the lens(MSLV)
-Explain lens structure and its role in focusing
-Discuss types of cataract and surgical options
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of the lens
Neuro-ophthalmological disorders(MSLV)
-Explain the relationship between visual pathways and neurological disorders
-Discuss optic neuritis, papilledema, and cranial nerve palsies affecting vision
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Neuro-ophthalmological disorders
Strabismus and Nystagmus(MSLV)
-Define Strabismus
-Explain types of strabismus (esotropia, exotropia)
-Define Nystagmus
-Discuss types of nystagmus and their clinical relevance
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Strabismus and Nystagmus
Diseases of the eyelids(MSØV)
-Describe the anatomy of the eyelids and common disorders
-Discuss blepharitis, chalazion, and eyelid tumors and their management
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of the eyelids
Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus(MSLV)
-Explain the anatomy of the lacrimal glands and ducts
-Discuss acute & Chronic Dacryocystitis, dry eye syndrome, and their treatments
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus
Ocular injuries(MSØV)
-Describe types of ocular injuries and their mechanisms
-Discuss and understand emergency management of chemical burns, blunt trauma, and penetrating injuries
-Discuss the Homeopathic management of Ocular injuries
Examination of the eye and vision(ØØØV)
-Describe techniques like visual acuity testing, fundoscopy, and slit-lamp examination
-Interpret examination findings for various ocular conditions
➥ ENT
EAR
Ear Anatomy(MSØV)
-Review the concepts of applied anatomy of Ear- External, middle, inner ear
-Review the concepts of physiology of Ear: Hearing & Equilibrium
-Observe Ear examination
Disease of External Ear(MSØV)
-Discuss Congenital defects, trauma & infections of external ear
-Management of Trauma of Ear
-Discuss Wax, Foreign bodies, Neoplasm
-Management of Wax & Foreign body removal
-Describe the homeopathic remedies for diseases of external ear
Disease of Middle ear: Acute suppurative otitis media(MSLV)
-Discuss aetiology of ASOM
-Discuss Pathology of ASOM
-Describe Clinical features of ASOM
-Discuss investigations in ASOM
-Describe the treatment of ASOM – procedure: Aural toilet & Surgical: myringotomy
-Describe the homeopathic remedies for ASOM
Disease of Middle ear: Chronic suppurative otitis media(MSLV)
-Describe the types of CSOM
-Discuss the etiology of CSOM
-Describe the pathology of CSOM
-Describe the clinical features of CSOM Discuss investigations in CSOM
-Discuss the differential diagnosis CSOM
-Describe the management of CSOM: conservative and surgical – tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy
-Describe the complications of Otitis media: Mastoid infection, intracranial infection, extracranial infection
-Describe homeopathic remedies for CSOM
Disease of middle ear: Chronic Non suppurative(MSØV)
-Describe Eustachian catarrh, Serous otitis media, otitis Media atelectasis of the tympanum, tympanosclerosis
Earache(MSØV)
-Define Aetiology, investigation of Otalgia
-Describe homoeopathic remedies for earache
Otorrhea(MSØV)
-Describe Aetiology, Features, Investigation and management of Otorrhea
-Describe homoeopathic remedies for Otorrhea
Deafness(MSØV)
-Describe Types of Deafness
-Discuss Causes of Deafness
-Discuss Management of
-Deafness-Hearing aids & Implants
-Demonstrate examination of case of Deafness – hearing test
-Describe homoeopathic remedies for Deafness
Tinnitus(MSØV)
-Describe Types of Tinnitus
-Discuss Causes of Tinnitus
-Discuss Investigations and Management of Tinnitus
-Describe homoeopathic remedies for Tinnitus
Vertigo(MSØV)
-Describe Causes of Vertigo
-Discuss Investigations and Management of Vertigo
-Demonstrate examination of the case of Vertigo
-Describe homoeopathic remedies for Vertigo
Menier’s disease(MSØV)
-Discuss aetiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation, management of Menier’s disease
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of Menier’s disease
Benign positional vertigo(MSØV)
-Discuss aetiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation, management of Benign positional vertigo
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of Benign positional vertigo
Acoustic neuroma(MSØV)
-Discuss aetiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation, management of Acoustic neuroma
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of Acoustic neuroma
Facial paralysis & Bell’s Palsy(MSØV)
-Discuss aetiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation, management of Facial paralysis, Bell’s Palsy
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of Facial paralysis, Bell’s Palsy
Nose and Paranasal sinuses
Nose & paranasal sinus Anatomy(MSØV)
-Review the concepts of applied anatomy of Nose and paranasal sinus
-Review the concepts of functions of Nose and paranasal sinus
-Discuss the steps of case taking of Case of Nose and Paranasal sinus
-Observe examination of Nose: Anterior Rhinoscopy & Posterior Rhinoscopy & paranasal sinus
Disease of external nose(MSLV)
-Discuss Deformity, fracture of nose, vestibulitis
Deviated Nasal Septum(MSØV)
-Describe Etiology of DNS
-Discuss Pathology of the DNS
-Discuss the symptoms, complication
-Differential diagnosis of DNS
-Discuss management of DNS
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of DNS
-Describe homoeopathic treatment of rhinitis
Rhinitis(MSLV)
-Discuss Types of Rhinitis
-Describe aetiology, clinical feature, D/D, Complications, treatment of Common cold
-Discuss homoeopathic therapeutics of common cold
-Describe different types of Chronic rhinitis e.g. Chronic simple rhinitis, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, Atrophic rhinitis, Rhinitis sicca, Rhinosporidiosis, Rhinoscleroderma
-Describe homoeopathic treatment of rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis(MSLV)
-Discuss etiology of Allergic rhinitis
-Describe mechanism and pathology of Allergic rhinitis
-Discuss clinical types and symptoms of allergic rhinitis
-Describe diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis
Vasomotor Rhinitis(MSLV)
-Describe aetiology, pathology, clinical features, treatment of Vasomotor rhinitis
-Describe homoeopathic treatment of rhinitis
Nasal Polyp(MSLV)
-Define Nasal Polyp
-Describe types, etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigation of Nasal Polyp
-Describe management of nasal polyp
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for nasal polyp
Miscellaneous disease of Nose and sinus(MSØV)
-Discuss Cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea, Foreign body, rhinolith, choanal atresia, oroantral fistula, proptosis
Epistaxis(MSLV)
-Describe Causes, site, clinical features, investigation and management of Epistaxis
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for epistaxis
Sinusiti(MSLV)
-Describe cause, pathology, clinical features, investigation, differential diagnosis, complication of Acute Maxillary sinusitis
-Discuss management of Acute Maxillary sinusitis
-Describe cause, pathology, clinical features, investigation, differential diagnosis, complication of Acute frontal sinusitis
-Discuss management of Acute frontal sinusitis
-Discuss Management of chronic maxillary sinusitis & chronic frontal sinusitis
Tumor, cyst of Nose and Sinus(MSØV)
-Discuss benign tumor, Cyst & Malignant tumor of Nose & Sinus
Therapeutics of Nose and paranasal sinus diseases(MSLV)
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for Sinusitis
-Discuss homoeopathic treatment for the cyst and tumour of nose and sinus
Pharynx
Pharynx(MSØV)
-Review the concepts of applied anatomy of pharynx
-Review the concepts of functions of Pharynx
-Observe examination of Pharynx
Tonsillits(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, types, sign & symptoms, differential diagnosis, complication of acute and chronic tonsilitis
-Management of acute and chronic tonsilitis, tonsillectomy
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for Acute and chronic tonsillitis
Adenoids(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of adenoids
-Management of adenoids, adenoidectomy
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for adenoids
Diseases of pharynx(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, pathology, clinical features, differential diagnosis of acute and chronic pharyngitis
-Discuss Vincent’s angina, diphtheritic pharyngitis, Thrush
-Discuss Pharyngeal Abscess: Quinsy, acute & chronic retropharyngeal abscess, parapharyngeal abscess
-Discuss pharyngeal diverticulum, stylohyoid syndrome, Globus hystericus
-Describe types, aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pharyngeal tumours
-Pharynx Describe homeopathic treatment for Acute & chronic pharyngitis
-Describe homoeopathic treatment for pharyngeal abscess, tumours other diseases
Larynx and Trachea
Larynx(MSØV)
-Review the concepts of applied anatomy of Larynx
-Review the concepts of functions of Larynx
-Observe examination of Larynx
Laryngitis(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, types, sign& symptoms, differential diagnosis complication of acute and chronic Laryngitis
-Management of acute and chronic Laryngitis
-Homoeopathic treatment for acute & chronic Laryngitis
Disease of Larynx(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, types, sign& symptoms, differential diagnosis complication of Laryngeal Paralysis
-Discuss Homoeopathic treatment for the laryngeal paralysis
-Discuss aetiology, symptoms, investigation & management of Laryngeal web, singer’s nodes, Laryngocele, stridor
-Discuss aetiology, symptoms, types, investigation & management of Laryngeal tumors
-Discuss Homoeopathic treatment for stridor, laryngeal web, tumors
-Discuss aetiology, mechanism, investigation & treatment of Hoarseness of voice & Disorder of voice
-Discuss homoeopathic treatment for hoarseness of voice
-Interpret imaging techniques (e.g., X-rays, CT scans, MRI, ) to diagnose Laryngeal
Trachea(MSØV)
-Describe classification, functions, indication, contraindication, complication and sequelae of tracheostomy
-Procedure of tracheostomy
Thyroid Gland
Anatomy and investigation of Thyroid Gland(MSØV)
-Discuss anatomy and physiological aspects of Thyroid Gland
-Describe investigations used for investigation of thyroid gland – USG, FNAC, PET, CT, MRI, Isotope scanning
Thyroid Swelling/Goiter(MSØV)
-Describe cause, types, Clinical features, diagnosis of thyroid swelling(Goiter)
-Discuss homoeopathic medicines for the Goitre
Hypothyroidism(MSØV)
-Describe cause, clinical features, investigation of Hypothyroidism
-Discuss homoeopathic treatment for the hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis(MSØV)
-Describe cause, clinical features, investigation of Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis
-Discuss homoeopathic treatment for the hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis
Thyroid Cancer(MSØV)
-Describe aetiology, types, clinical features, investigation of Cancer of Thyroid
-Discuss homoeopathic treatment for the cancer of thyroid
-Describe the physical examination of the thyroid gland
Examination of Neck swelling(MSLV)
-Describe the boundaries, triangles, and important anatomical landmarks of the neck
-Classify neck swellings based on their location (Midline and lateral swellings ) and pathology
-Obtain a detailed history focusing on onset, duration, progression, associated symptoms, and systemic
-Demonstrate thorough physical examination of neck swelling including, inspection, palpation and auscultation
-Examine the lymph nodes, thyroid gland, and other structures to identify associated findings
-Correlate clinical findings with likely causes, including inflammatory lymphadenopathy, thyroid swellings, and neoplastic lesions
➥ Dentistry
Dental - Anatomy & DISEASE
Dental Anatomy(MSØV)
-Identify the anatomy of teeth, including enamel, dentin, pulp, and periodontal structures
-Explain occlusal surfaces, alignment, and their functional relevance
Jaw Tumours(MSLV)
-Classify jaw tumours (benign and malignant)
-Explain clinical and radiographic features
-Discuss surgical and non-surgical options
-Outline homeopathic remedies for managing jaw tumours
Epulis(MSØV)
-Define and Classify epulis (fibrous, granulomatous, giant cell)
-Discuss clinical presentations and histological findings
-Explain homeopathic approaches to epulis treatment
Ameloblastoma: Pathogenesis and classification(MSØV)
-Classify ameloblastoma subtypes (unicystic, multicystic)
-Discuss Surgical and non-surgical options
-Explain treatment approaches, including enucleation and resection
-Discuss homeopathic therapeutics for ameloblastoma
Dentigerous Cysts(MSØV)
-Identify radiological and clinical findings of dentigerous cysts
-Explain surgical enucleation and follow-up protocols
Dental Cysts(MSØV)
-Classify dental cysts (radicular, residual, odontogenic keratocyst)
-Discuss clinical presentations and radiological findings
Alveolar Abscess(MSØV)
-Explain causes and clinical features of alveolar abscess
-Discuss drainage techniques
-Outline homeopathic management for dental abscesses
Examination of teeth and gums(ØØØV)
-Recall the anatomy of teeth and gums, including structure, types, and functions
-Identify normal dentition and gum appearance
-Recognize common dental and gum conditions (e.g., caries, gingivitis, periodontitis)
-Perform inspection of the teeth for alignment, caries, discoloration, or damage
-Assess the gums for signs of inflammation, bleeding, recession, or any lesions
-Examine for malocclusion and jaw alignment abnormalities
-Document and communicate findings effectively to the patient
-Counsel the patient on oral hygiene practices and the importance of dental care