Intelligence Quotient - IQ
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a standardized measure of human intelligence, expressed as a numerical score. It is derived from specially designed tests that assess cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, memory and comprehension.
Definition:
IQ represents the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Formula (originally by William Stern):
IQ = {[Mental Age]/[Chronological Age]} x 100Mental Age: Level of cognitive performance.
Chronological Age: Actual age of the individual.
Example: A 10-year-old child with a mental age of 12 would have an IQ of 120.
Interpretation:
IQ ≈ 100 → Average intelligence
IQ > 130 → High or gifted
IQ < 70 → Below average, potential cognitive impairment
Key Points:
IQ is not absolute intelligence but a comparative score.
It reflects certain cognitive skills but does not capture creativity, emotional intelligence or practical wisdom.
Used in education, psychology, and research to understand learning needs and intellectual strengths.